2.
   2022
/   
   : -
(   )
 : 3     :50
:     -    ,          
                
 -
1.              ?
2.             ?
 -
3.  -              
          
4.            ?     
 -
5. .       '   
2.
6. ..             
      
 ?  
-
7.                
   
 
8.         
2.
   2022
/   
   : -
(   )
 : 3     :50
:     -    ,          
                
 -
1.              ?
:     ?
2.
     18
    19
        
               
        -  , , ,    

     
,         
 ,           
   ,          
     ,     '      
  -           ,  
   
      :     ,   
 
        
   ,      '       
       ,     '   
          
   '  ,  , ,   -,   
           ,     
      
    ,         
          -      , 
       
2.
    '   
               
1.      - 
          '      
  ,       , ,   

 ,          
            
         
2.   
,          - , ,   
       
   ,          
         ,     
 ,          
       
 -    
3.    
              
       ,      
      
          :    

               
2.
      ,       
  '            
  
2.
4.      
          '     

19
   ,            
            , 
         
             
     ,           ,
      
  
 ,         :
         ,         
?
          
5.     
                 
     
          - , , 
              
  
   
               
                
 
,  
          

       ,        
  
    -   - 
 
;   , 
           
2.

             -     
  ,    ,    , 
        
  ,      ,  - 
             
:       
 -      
  
2.             ?
::      
19
 ,              
         '  , ,   
  '      '    ,   
           
          ,    
              
               

      
    19
    20
   ,   '  
           (  
)         ..    ,   
        
             
  -   ,            
         
        
1.       
2.
 ,    - '   ,    
               
         
2.    
      " " (1905)       
           ,      ,
 ,               
           
3.   
    (1905)     ,    
              
     ,     -  
 
4.     
     
 -        
      ,         
,                

        
  (, )  
 ,         
 ,  ,   
     ,      
          ,    
     '   
   '  
1.   :    ,      
   
2.   
 :              
 
3.       :          
  
2.
4.       
:        
           

   
                
           ,    
  : "   ,    ,    "
      ,        

          -      
   ,       ,    
  ,       
  :
         
              
            
 ,             
          
 -
3.  -               
          
: -         ,  
   
             
              ,
       ,     
      
 
      
  , 20
      
              
                -
           
2.
  - 
1913           ,       
          ,      
  , ,            
,           
       :         
,             
         
   ,      -    ,   , 
             ,  
        
              
  
 
󷗿󷘀󷘁󷘂󷘃  (1935)
       , " ",      
 
    ',     
   -    
2.
  ,  
   -     '  ,   
    
,    
,      

   , -        
   
      , ,   
     -     -      

    - , ,  -  -     
     
   ,  , ,        
   
  
, -         
󷗿󷘀󷘁󷘂󷘃   (1937)
      "   "       
   
 ,  -        
 
,    '         -    
        
 ;   ,  
     
  
?

 -   '    
     
            ?   ?

      ?
2.
         , -      -
           
      
 :         
   
󷗿󷘀󷘁󷘂󷘃           (1937)
2.
   , -             
 ,    -      
 
               ,
         
,    
    
 
             , - 
     
               
 
2.
   
   ?
  
   ,         
  
1.   
    
-              
    
     
2.      
  ,  , ,      
3.      
  ,     '   -    
4.       
        ,     
5.          
-  ,            

  
      -   28          
    ,         
,          
   
 
 -         
              

 -           
  ,   ,        "
2.
", "  "  "     "  
        
 
           
,     
   ,         
4.            ?     
:      
            ,   
 -    ,         ,  
       

       
  '  ,     ,     

         (  ),    ,
             ,  
        
    '   
1.    
             
    ,     ,   ,   
          ,   

2.  
            

     ,   -       
   , ,            
   
3.      
         -     ,     
        ,      
   
     
1.       
2.
      ,          
       ,   
2.   
          -      , 
,            ,     '
 
3.  
  ,              
    , ,       '   ,    
   
 
4.         
    (, ,   )     ,  
             

 
5.    
      ,     - ,   
            
    
?
  :   ,        
 ,      
   :         
           ,  
      
   :            
 
 -        
   
                
        ,           
- ,      -         
      

2.
              
             ,  ,
             
 
 ,           
 -
5. .       '   
:      -      ,   
        
        , 
   :         
,   
             
,     
      ,      '
 
1901  ,                , 
         ,       
               
                ,
       ,      
 
           
     
     
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼     -  
2.
                   
       ,         '
    
        
       

       
   ,       -, -     
               
,                 
       ,        

              
                  
  ,          
     
,           ""      -  
    
󽀰󽀱󽀲󽀳󽀷󽀸󽀴󽀹󽀵󽀶     -     
        
 ,         
   
 
  ,  ,      -     
        ,      -     
2.
          ,    , 
       
 
            ,   ,
      -,           
  ,        :      
  
   ,       -  ,     
 
 
󷗿󷘀󷘁󷘂󷘃      
?
          :
1.    
            
          '      

2.      
         ,      
      
       
3.   
 ,  ,             
             
4.    
               
  ,          
  -  
    
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  :       
                
 
2.
,               
     
        
   
,       -        
      ,       
,              
              
   
 
 ,              ,  
         
  
󼯙󼯚󼯛󼯜󼯝󼯠󼯞󼯟󼯡
            -    , 
 ,          
,    
     '   
             
 ,  
        -      , 
                
 
 
       
         
  
       ,  
  "" 
- 
   
6. ..             
      
 ?  
:   ?
    (1911–1996)            
        ,       
           
   
              
2.
        - ,     - 
            ,  ,
    '   
      
     :
 (     - )   -  
  
  -   ,       ' 
  
     ,              
  ,    :
  :         
  :         
 
  :      
,      
     
        :
   :            
:     ,    '   
:              
 ,   :
   :    
 :        
     :     
   
   ,           :
1.   
o         ,    
  
o ,          
2.   
2.
o      ,      ' 
 
o     ,  
3.         
o   , , , ,   
o  ,   ,       
4.    
o           
o           
     
    :        
  
 
     : ,  ,     
     
 :     ,     

 
  
 
         
 - 
   :
    :           
  ,            
 :           
,   
   
  :     ,     
  ,       
   
       :          
         ,     
-              

,      ..         
          :
 ,  ,     
  ,  ,       
2.
                
     
-
7.                
   
 
:   
          
     ,       -   , 
,   -  -           
         
   "    
    
 ,"           
  , -, , -       
            ,     
              
 
       
2.
     
     (  )   
 -    ,    , -     
                 
               , 
   '              
     
              ,
     '          
  
  -           , 
     
     
2.
-    ,     ,   ""  
   -      ,     
          -   
,   -    '
 ,       ,      , 
             
             
      - , ,      

,       
  ;    '    

              

                 
     ,          

   
     ,     
 
   , ,       
 
2.
,    -  ,   -,  -   
   
      
       
                
          -    
           
             
               
          -      
        
      '   ,       '
                -  
      ,       
  ,             
;
              ,
          
     
           , ,   
             
       
  
     -       
 
          ,
           -      
      
  :       
   ,            
         
  ,      
,             

    '       ,      
              -  
 
2.
       
 ,   
        -   

        
   

   ,            
               
      

               ,
             
   

           -       
           
 :    ,
    ,    ,    
 
       
       
 
;     ,    ' , 
  '      ,   ,   

,         
 ,             
 ,
      
      ,    
       
 ,   ,   ,
               
  
8.         
:       
     '      ,     
     '  -,   ,    
   
      
   
            
2.
      
1.   
        -  ,  ,  ,
  
      ,   '    
    
        ,      

  -     
2.       
      , ,          

-    ,       
              
 
3.     
             
,          ,  
   , -   
     
 
4.     (  )
        ,   ,     

         (      
)      
        
 
5.   
  (  '  )     
-  , ,       
     
 ,     
6.    
             
         ,   
 
7.   
2.
  ',        
 ,   ,          
         ,     
8.    -    
  ,            
  ,      ,    
 
     
?
  ,         
            
 
      ,        
   
                
 ,       ,       ' 
     ,         

        :
   '  
    
       
,   ,   
"                 
 
          ,         
 "